Besides primary, what are the meristems at the end of the shoots termed?

The meristems at the end of the shoots are termed apical meristems. These are regions of actively dividing cells located at the tips of roots and shoots, which contribute to the primary growth of a plant. This growth allows the plant to extend in height and develop new leaves and flowers.

Apical meristems are crucial for the elongation of shoots, giving rise to new tissues and organs, thereby playing a significant role in overall plant development. They provide the capability for continuous growth throughout the life of the plant, which is fundamental for adapting to the environment and optimizing photosynthesis.

The term 'axillary' refers to the buds that form in the axils of leaves and are involved in producing lateral shoots or branches. 'Lateral meristems' are involved in secondary growth, increasing the girth of stems and roots, while 'intercalary meristems' are found in some monocots and contribute to growth at the bases of leaves or internodes, allowing for rapid regrowth after grazing or cutting. Understanding the specific function of apical meristems is essential for grasping how plants grow and develop structurally.