What are the functions of cambium in trees?

The cambium is a vital layer of tissue in trees that plays a central role in growth. Specifically, its primary function is cell growth and division, which allows for the increase in girth of the tree. The cambium produces new layers of xylem (wood) and phloem (bark) through a process of cell division.

As the cambium divides, it generates new cells that contribute to the diameter of the tree. This contributes to the overall health and stability of the tree, enabling it to support greater weight and withstand environmental stresses. The production of new xylem is crucial for water and nutrient transportation throughout the tree, while the new phloem facilitates the transport of sugars created during photosynthesis.

While other functions like conducting water, photosynthesis, and nutrient storage are essential to tree physiology, they are not directly associated with the cambium. Conducting water is primarily the function of the xylem, photosynthesis occurs mainly in the leaves, and nutrient storage often occurs in specialized tissues or can be associated with the roots and other parts of the tree. Thus, the cambium's key role is indeed in facilitating growth and increasing the tree's girth.