What are vascular plants with "naked seeds" called?

Vascular plants with "naked seeds" are known as gymnosperms. The term "naked seeds" refers to the fact that gymnosperms do not enclose their seeds within a fruit, which is a key characteristic distinguishing them from angiosperms, or flowering plants. Instead, gymnosperms typically produce seeds on the surface of cones or other reproductive structures.

This classification includes familiar groups such as conifers (pine trees, spruce, fir, etc.), cycads, ginkgo, and gnetophytes. Gymnosperms play significant roles in various ecosystems, often contributing to forest composition and serving as vital resources for wildlife and humans. Understanding this term is crucial for distinguishing between various plant groups and their reproduction strategies in botanical studies.