What happens when soil is compacted?

When soil is compacted, the arrangement of soil particles changes, leading to a reduction in the total pore space within the soil. This occurs because the particles are pressed closer together, which fills in the spaces that normally would be occupied by air and water, known as pores. This reduction in pore space affects the soil's ability to retain moisture and provide adequate aeration, which can significantly impact plant health and soil ecosystem functions.

Compacted soil can result in issues such as increased runoff and reduced water infiltration, as the smaller pore spaces cannot effectively drain or hold water. It also limits the movement of air within the soil, which plants need for healthy root respiration. Keeping soil well-aerated and maintaining optimal pore space is crucial for supporting healthy plant growth and overall soil health.