What is the likely effect of removing the terminal bud during pruning?

When the terminal bud is removed during pruning, it has a significant influence on the growth dynamics of the tree. The terminal bud is responsible for apical dominance, a natural phenomenon where the main stem grows stronger and more rapidly than lateral buds due to the hormonal control exerted by the terminal bud. This control is primarily due to auxins, which are plant hormones produced in the terminal bud that inhibit the growth of lateral buds.

By removing the terminal bud, you effectively eliminate the source of auxins, which can stimulate the growth of lateral buds that were previously suppressed. As these lateral buds begin to grow, they can develop into new shoots, leading to a bushier appearance and potentially more branching. This can be particularly beneficial in shaping the tree or encouraging a fuller canopy.

While there can be other effects depending on the specific context and tree species, stimulating lateral bud growth is the main and most immediate response to the removal of the terminal bud in pruning practices. This method is often employed strategically to create desired forms or to increase fruiting and flowering potential by allowing more light and air to penetrate the interior of the tree.