Which pest is commonly known for damaging tree bark and cambium layers?

The pest commonly known for damaging tree bark and cambium layers is indeed beetles. Many species of beetles, particularly bark beetles, specifically target the inner bark and cambium of trees. The cambium layer is crucial for the tree's growth and transport of nutrients, and when these beetles bore into the bark, they disrupt these vital functions. This can lead to significant damage and stress for the tree, potentially resulting in disease or death.

While termites are notorious for damaging wood within structures, they primarily affect dead trees and wooden materials rather than live tree bark and cambium. Weevils can cause damage to various plants, but they are more often associated with roots or seeds rather than specifically targeting the bark. Ants, while they can be indicative of other pest issues and may facilitate the spread of certain tree diseases, do not directly damage bark and cambium layers. The specific feeding habits and behavior of beetles make them the most relevant pest regarding the damage of tree bark and cambium.